OSI Layers
Based on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSI_model OSI standards model].
* Application
* Presentation
* Session
* Transport
End-to-end control
TCP and UDP
* Network
* Data Link
* Physical
bit-level operations
Transport Layer
Problems
* dropped packets
can solve via retransmission.
* out of order packets
tags packet indices to reconstruct order.
* destination buffer overflow, buffer overflow/dropped packets along route
Protocols
UDP (User datagram protocol)
* Provides socket address for application-level multiplexing
* No flow control or congestion control
* No retransmission guarantee
TCP (Transmission control protocol)
* Acknowledgement system for reliability and flow/congestion control
Infer rate at which packets have been received by returned ACKs
* Congestion control
reduce transmission rates when overflows are detected downstream
* Flow control:
Control the amount of traffic ingested into the network. This is done through the use of the send-ack protocol.